Tuesday, 25 September 2012

Bad Education

How does the Bad Education trailer use media language to engage the audience?

In this trailer, we are immediately shown a close-up of the main character (played by Jack Whitehall). This automatically gains the audience’s attention as we are being introduced to him straight away, and a lot of people may recognise him from other media, interesting them more.
We are shown examples of diegetic and non-diegetic throughout, with diegetic sound being the main focus of the trailer. We are shown snippets and clips of the show throughout. This is done because the show is a comedy, and it is important that this is gotten across, as this is what is going to interest the audience, and if it isn’t shown that it is a comedy, it is immediately attracting the wrong people. The non-diegetic sound in the trailer is an upbeat happy song, which sets the tone of the advert, as again, it is meant to be an upbeat, funny show.
We aren’t told what the trailer is for, until the very few seconds. This sets the focus on the footage we are being shown, and not just what it is called/where it is being shown. This means that people are interested to find out what it is advertising by, meaning people are more likely to stay interested throughout the advert.
We are also shown lots of different characters – starting with the main characters, fellow teachers, and the students. By showing a range of age groups, this could help to broaden the audience, as younger people are more likely to show interest.



How does the trailer represent young people?

In this trailer, young people are portrayed as having no serious approach to education and messing around at every opportunity. We are shown a clip in the classroom, with a boy sat with headphones round his neck and a red snapback on, mocking people who go into further education, and making it clear that he was never going to go to university. At one point in the trailer, the students enter the class fighting and messing around with each other, even though the teacher is sat in the room.  
Young people could also be represented as following by example, as in the trailer it seems as if the teachers don’t have a serious approach to education, so neither do the students. We are shown a teacher-student relationship, and the teacher acts just as childish and as immature as the boy, suggesting that at 23, he is not much different to the students.
At one point we are shown a girl in class wearing a lot of makeup with a tattoo on her hand, and talking back to the teacher. This suggests that young people don’t like to follow rules, and are likely to do the exact opposite of what they are told/expected to do.


Made in Chelsea

How does the Made in Chelsea trailer use media language to engage it's target audience?

In the Made in Chelsea trailer, sound, camera angles, editing and mise-en-scene are all used to engage its target audience.
Throughout the trailer, we only hear non-diegetic sound. The music used throughout could be seen as the type of music the target audience enjoy, which immediately captures the attention of the viewers. This type of music could also be considered the type that the audience they wish to gain may enjoy; meaning new people are attracted to the show.
At the very beginning of the trailer, we are shown a close up of a woman holding up a lace mask to her face, presumably attending a masked ball. Typical, non-diegetic classical music is playing, and we cannot see the surroundings, which may engage the audience’s attention immediately as we are unsure of what is going to happen, or what is going on.
As soon as the music changes, so does the tone of the trailer. The camera suddenly cuts to an over the shoulder shot of a man smiling and partying, automatically creating a party atmosphere. Some of the audience for Made in Chelsea may watch the programme for escapism. If we are being shown a happy, party atmosphere, this may attract the audience, as they want to watch the programme to watch a different, and possibly ‘ideal’ lifestyle.
In the trailer we are shown the cast wearing posh, old fashioned clothing as they are at a masked ball, however the atmosphere on the party doesn’t fit the conventions of the ball, which may suggest that the programme doesn’t fit the conventions of what everyone expects from the rich, possibly spoilt cast that everyone believes them to be.
Apart from the music, we are shown another example of non-diegetic sound at the very end of the trailer, which is an E4 voiceover, which provides the audience with the key information needed about when the programme is being aired etc. As this is such a change from the party atmosphere, it is more likely that people are going to take this in, hopefully drawing in more of an audience.

What sort of representations are created of young people in the trailer?

This trailer represents young people in a number of different ways.
One way young people are represented is as party animals, and wanting to have a good time. With the people in the trailer specifically, this cast are shown as breaking one stereotype (that they are posh, rich, and are attending masked balls and enjoying classical music etc.) but they are also complying to another (they are young, they want to party, drink, and have a good time etc.). At one point in the trailer, a cast member is seen on a space hopper.  This defies the stereotype and the cods of conventions of what we perceive to be true when it comes to this trailer. The space hopper shot could also represent young people in a different light, suggesting that although they are seen at a party drinking and dancing etc., they are only having harmless fun with their friends.
Another representation could be that they are considered to be sexual and flirtatious. As soon as the trailer starts, we are shown the woman with the lace mask, presumably looking on towards the ball, in a seductive manner. We are also shown a woman sat on horse statue looking down on the men, which could be considered to have sexual connotations, as if she is looking out onto the men and admiring them. We are also shown a shot of a woman leading a man up the stairs at the party. Most of the sexual connotations are of the woman leading/provoking the situation, which could suggest that women are being seen in a more flirtatious and sexual light, whereas men are being shown as the party animals, and are maybe more immature than the women.

Monday, 17 September 2012

Violence in the media: Computer Games

Surveys from 2003 - 2004, from mediawatchuk.org.uk have looked into murder issues and violence raised with teens playing the computer game 'Manhunt' in the UK:

TRAINING TO KILL?
By John C Beyer, director of mediawatch-uk

ImageThe mother of Stefan Pakeerah is in no doubt that Warren Leblanc, who was found guilty of murdering Stefan, was obsessed with the violent computer game Manhunt. So certain is she about this that an American lawyer, Jack Thompson, has been engaged to serve writs against Rockstar Games, creator of Manhunt, and Sony Computer Entertainment, makers of the games console. Mr Thompson is preparing to call expert witnesses, including, significantly, US military personnel who will describe how the same violent games are used to train soldiers to kill.

It would be remarkable indeed if this saturation of our entertainment with violence and aggressive language has no effect, as the media moguls and ideologists would have us believe. Social scientists who have studied this matter in great depth conclude that violence in entertainment increases aggressive behaviour and can be the trigger that leads up to the violent crime.

This short article was first published in The Leicester Mercury 4/8/2004


A related news article also published on mediawatchuk.org.uk:

RETAILERS URGED TO BAN VIOLENT VIDEO GAME
Computer games are facing more controls after the murder of a schoolboy 

Public outrage yesterday forced a bloodthirsty video game off the shelves after it was blamed for the murder of a 14-year-old boy by an older friend. Dixons and the Game chain removed from sale Manhunt, a game which awards players points for inflicting the most grisly death possible.
The Department of Culture Media and Sport told shop managers that they faced up to six months in jail if they supplied 18-rated compute games to anyone under the legal age. But although experts insisted there was no proof that computer games could influence the behaviour of adolescents, ministers appear to be on a collision course with Britain's £2billion computer games industry.
Trade and Industry Secretary, Patricia Hewitt, called on games manufacturers and retailers to prevent children from being exposed to "extreme violence" of Manhunt and other titles. Roger Bennett, general director of the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association, said: "There is no substantive evidence in this case to link this tragic event to the fact that he was playing a game. There are always scapegoats."

Guy Cumberbatch, a psychologist who specialises in violence and the media, said that he was sceptical as to whether violence in computer games could be linked to real life violence. 


The Times 30/7/2004


John Beyer, director of mediawatch-uk said:


"The remarks of Prof Cumberbatch are puzzling. In 1993 he published a survey which found that 72 per cent of 7 to 16 year olds admitted to losing their temper when playing computer games. 58 per cent said they thought games could make people more violent. It is no wonder that there is confusion when academics cannot even be consistent. 
The pity is that the British Board of Film Classification rely so much on research conducted by Prof Cumberbatch. It is time that those responsible for violence in entertainment accepted their responsibilities and were held to account."

The first Playstation was introduced in 1994. This console became the first ever video game console to sell 100 million units, meaning it was the biggest console of this time. The survey by Professor Cumberbatch was published in 1993 - which was a year before the release of the playstation, which suggests that if 72% of 7 to 16 year olds admitted to losing their temper when playing computer games before the release of the biggest console, these statistics are likely to have risen by a good percentage since the 1993 survey.



NEWER ARTICLES AND INFORMATION ON VIOLENCE IN THE MEDIA AND COMPUTER GAMES:

An article from August 2012, from The Mail Online:

Violent images in movies, TV or computer games CAN act as triggers for aggression, says new report

  • International panel conclude media violence can act as a trigger for aggressive thoughts and feelings
  • 'Ratings are not substitutes for parents watching, playing, or listening to the media their children use'

Violent TV, films and video games do increase aggression, an international panel of experts has said, as they warn parents to keep an eye on what their children are watching. 
The report for the The International Society for Research on Aggression (IRSA) concluded that that evidence shows that the consumption of media violence can act as a trigger for aggressive thoughts or feelings already stored. 
They claim exposure to violent images in different media, such as movies and video games, increases the relative risk of aggression - defined as intentional harm to another person verbally or physically. 
The panel also warn parents that a ratings system is no substitute for the watchful eye of a parent.

Grand Theft Auto IV was a critically-acclaimed 18-rated game, but there were concerns about younger players emulating the violence they saw on-screen
Grand Theft Auto IV was a critically-acclaimed 18-rated game, but there were concerns about younger players emulating the violence they saw on-screen

The IRSA appointed the International Media Violence Commission last December.
Craig Anderson, chair of the IRSA, said: 'Basically, the commission looked at, "What does the research literature say?"
'In addition, we asked them to make some recommendations, if they chose to do so, about public policy. 
'It really was kind of an open-ended charge.'

    In their report, the commission concluded that aside from being sources of imitation, violent images - such as scenes in movies, games or even pictures in comic books - act as triggers for activating aggressive thoughts and feelings already stored in memory.
    If these aggressive thoughts and feelings are activated over and over again because of repeated exposure to media violence, they become chronically accessible, and therefore more likely to influence behaviour.
    A ten-year-old plays a previous Grand Theft Auto (posed by model): Despite age-restrictions, many minors still manage to play
    A ten-year-old plays a previous Grand Theft Auto (posed by model): Despite age-restrictions, many minors still manage to play
    The commission concluded: 'One may also become more vigilant for hostility and aggression in the world, and therefore, begin to feel some ambiguous actions by others (such as being bumped in a crowded room) are deliberate acts of provocation.'
    The commission concluded that the ratings are not substitutes for parents watching, playing, or listening to the media their children use, stating parents should be the ones keeping a watchful eye as rating systems often provide too little detail about media content to be helpful. 
    The researchers wrote: 'Parents can also set limits on screen use, and should discuss media content with their children to promote critical thinking when viewing.
    'Schools may help parents by teaching students from an early age to be critical consumers of the media and that, just like food, the ‘you are what you eat' principle applies to healthy media consumption.'
    While most public policy has focused on restricting children's access to violent media, the commission found that approach to have significant political and legal challenges in many countries. 
    For that reason, it recommends putting efforts into improving media ratings, classifications, and public education about the effects of media on children.
    'Improving media ratings really has two pieces. One is that the media ratings themselves need to be done by an independent entity - meaning, not by an industry-influenced or controlled system,' said Mr Anderson.
    'They need to be ratings that have some scientific validity to them.
    'But the other piece is education, and if parents aren't educated - not just about what the ratings system does, but also about why it's important for them to take control of their child's media diet - then it doesn't matter how good the ratings system is, because they're going to ignore it anyway.'
    The report is published in journal Aggressive Behaviour. 
    Mr Anderson hopes the final report will have value to child advocacy groups.
    'Having such a clear statement by an unbiased, international scientific group should be very helpful to a number of child advocacy groups - such as parenting groups - in their efforts to improve the lives of children,' he said.


    Thursday, 13 September 2012

    Media news article 3:


    Bollywood gets real

    Director Anurag Kashyap Director Anurag Kashyap has been driving change in Bollywood
    In 1998, a film called Fire by Deepa Mehta dealing with issues of homosexuality invited such furore from its Indian audience that cinema halls screening the movie were set ablaze in protest.
    Cut to 2012 and a new crop of Indian films are appearing on such risqué topics as live-in relationships, gay marriages and sperm donation.
    The trend shows that audiences in India have become more open to a different kind of cinema and want to see more than the usual song and dance.
    Topics such as these were earlier the domain of film festival screenings catering to niche markets, but are today earning box office success as a new generation of filmmakers practise "real cinema".
    A new age
    "Hindi films are going through a big change. Hindi mainstream is being defined," said director Anurag Kashyap in a recent interview. His latest two-part film Gangs of Wasseypur drew the attention of critics and also did reasonably well at the box office.
    Like him, directors including Prakash Jha, Trigmanshu Dhulia, Onir and Sudhir Mishra have displayed courage and panache in tackling social issues through their stories. Success at the ticket booth may have eluded movies like Vasan Bala's Peddlers - based on Mumbai's drugs trade - but it created ripples at this year's Cannes Film Festival.
    Two other Indian films screened at the festival showcased Bollywood's changing trend. Kashyap's Gangs of Wasseypur was an examination of the social issues behind gang wars of small-town coal mafias peppered with generous lashings of abusive language, sex and violence.
    But the director believes the film's success was not down to its adult content, but rather the reality it showcased. "You know, five films this year have been big hits which did not have a big star, which were not your general films - Paan Singh Tomar, Kahaani, Vicky Donor, Shanghai, and Ishaqzaade. It's going through great change. I am very happy about it. The audience is changing, everything is changing."

    Start Quote

    Smaller towns are making newspaper headlines. Corruption, scams, murders, political intrigue, even stories of caste and love, are emerging from smaller places. And that's why the shift, even in movies”
    DhuliaAllahabad resident
    Shoojit Sircar had his audience in fits with Vicky Donor, a humorous take on the serious issue of infertility and sperm donation, a typically taboo topic in Indian society. It showcases a sea of change from the once trademark slapstick comedy of Hindi cinema prevalent in the 1990s.
    Similarly, Ashim Ahluwalia's Miss Lovely was a throwback to 1980s underground films which fused sex and horror.
    New perspectives
    India's booming economy translated into a burgeoning middle class in smaller towns and cities, a fact filmmakers could hardly ignore. Audiences are demanding stories that are closer to reality, and the demure woman in traditional attire dancing around trees towards a happy ending is no longer what catches their eye.
    Parul Khanna Tewari of the Hindustan Times (HT) argues, "The aspirations and imagery of small town India are being played out on celluloid like never before."
    And big production houses, which were mostly interested in big city-based formula films a few years ago, are now waking up to this new reality.
    "Authenticity does appeal to people," Rucha Pathak, Senior Creative Director at Disney UTV Studios, told the HT.
    UTV produced Paan Singh Tomar did brisk business without splashing out on publicity. A true story, the movie showcased the life of the eponymous national-level athlete who became a bandit in frustration at the authorities. Its depiction endeared the story to people as there are many Tomars all over the country.
    Much of this change can easily be attributed to a new breed of filmmakers from smaller towns who offer a new perspective from their own experiences growing up.
    "Smaller towns are making newspaper headlines. Corruption, scams, murders, political intrigue, even stories of caste and love, are emerging from smaller places. And that's why the shift, even in movies," Dhulia, who has lived in the north Indian town of Allahabad, told the same paper.
    Gangs of Wasseypur Gangs of Wasseypur promotional poster
    Maturing audiences
    Cinema goers have also matured over the years as they have happily accepted the integration of a former porn star into mainstream Bollywood.
    Sunny Leonne was a contestant in the Indian version of Celebrity Big Brother and today has a Bollywood film to her credit.
    People's desire to see different movies seems to be driving this change. Watching movies in the glitzy malls of big cities is expensive and the audience wants to get the most value for their money.
    They are more willing to skip the usual song and dance - which is still at the heart of India cinema - for a good movie based on real characters and real locations.
    Beyond censorship
    The trend may be changing, but India's censor board still bans some movies and a few others do not get to see the light of many cinema halls. But in such cases the Internet plays its part.
    Paanch (Five), a film by Anurag Kashyap continues to remain formally unreleased in India over censorship issues relating to violence, drugs and sex, but has gone viral on YouTube. Other filmmakers today Mohit Takalkar (The Bright Day) and Habib Faisal (Born to Hate … Destined to Love) may not get the kind of audience normally seen outside theatres screening mainstream cinema, but are all are making a point by dealing with real issues at the core of India's social fabric.

    Media news article 2:


    Nintendo Wii U games console to be released in November

    Nintendo said it would launch its Wii U games console on 18 November in the US, 30 November in Europe, and 8 December in Japan.
    There will be two versions - a basic edition and a deluxe set, which has more storage and associated kit.
    Nintendo's stock has fallen 29% since March.
    Investors fear casual gamers will instead opt for tablet computers while hardcore players will wait for a new PlayStation or Xbox.
    In the US the cheaper model, which features 8GB of storage, will sell for $300 (£186). It does not include an infrared sensor bar or nunchuck controller. Customers who did not buy these along with the original edition of the Wii will have to purchase them separately.
    The premium edition costs $350 (£217), has 32GB of storage, a sensor bar and the firm's new Nintendo Land game.
    Nintendo said the prices would vary from country to country in Europe, but did not provide details for the UK at this time.
    Touchscreen technology
    Both versions include a touchscreen GamePad, but users wanting a second controller face an extra cost - the figure given for Japan was 13,400 yen ($173; £107).
    The device features a touchscreen offering players to ability to carry out in-game tasks, such as checking their inventory or setting an explosive, while the main action continues on their television. Gamers can also continue to play a title using the device when they do not have access to their main screen.
    Nintendo has claimed it would help "revolutionise" gaming.
    However, the gadget has been criticised for lacking multitouch - the ability to recognise different fingers on a hand.
    Wii U game padThe Wii U can be controlled by a new touchscreen game pad that can also run games on its own
    It also faces a challenge from both Sony and Microsoft who have introduced similar facilities for their existing consoles: the PlayStation 3 can be controlled by the firm's Vita handheld, while the Xbox 360 can be connected to existing tablet computers via software called SmartGlass.
    Nintendo's president, Satoru Iwata, highlighted the fact that the Wii U would launch alongside New Super Mario Bros U - the first time a title in the series's release date had coincided with a new console in 16 years.
    One games journalist said the relatively low price of the equipment could help its chances.
    "We were all expecting a price point around the £250 mark so it's good that they've gone for this - it will help," Keza MacDonald, UK games editor at IGN, told the BBC.
    "Most people expect that the new Xbox and PlayStation will be released at the end of next year and will cost more - so some people may prefer to save up.
    "But many of the consumers that Nintendo is targeting may not be actually be the same audience as for those Microsoft and Sony's machines - so the issue is whether it can convince the casual, family gamers who bought the original Wii, to upgrade."
    US and Canadian owners will also be given access to a new service called TVii allowing them to watch movies and television shows via Amazon Video, Hulu and other products. There was no mention made of plans to launch this in Europe.

    Media news article 1:


    Malware inserted on PC production lines, says study

    Hard driveMicrosoft discovered four factory fresh PCs that were pre-infected with malware
    Cybercriminals have opened a new front in their battle to infect computers with malware - PC production lines.
    Several new computers have been found carrying malware installed in the factory, suggests a Microsoft study.
    One virus called Nitol found by Microsoft steals personal details to help criminals plunder online bank accounts.
    Microsoft won permission from a US court to tackle the network of hijacked PCs made from Nitol-infected computers.
    Domain game
    In a report detailing its work to disrupt the Nitol botnet, Microsoft said the criminals behind the malicious program had exploited insecure supply chains to get viruses installed as PCs were being built.
    The viruses were discovered when Microsoft digital crime investigators bought 20 PCs, 10 desktops and 10 laptops from different cities in China.
    Four of the computers were infected with malicious programs even though they were fresh from the factory.
    Microsoft set up and ran Operation b70 to investigate and found that the four viruses were included in counterfeit software some Chinese PC makers were installing on computers.
    Nitol was the most pernicious of the viruses Microsoft caught because, as soon as the computer was turned on, it tried to contact the command and control system set up by Nitol's makers to steal data from infected machines.
    Further investigation revealed that the botnet behind Nitol was being run from a web domain that had been involved in cybercrime since 2008. Also on that domain were 70,000 separate sub-domains used by 500 separate strains of malware to fool victims or steal data.
    "We found malware capable of remotely turning on an infected computer's microphone and video camera, potentially giving a cybercriminal eyes and ears into a victim's home or business," said Richard Boscovich, a lawyer in Microsoft's digital crimes unit in a blogpost.
    A US court has now given Microsoft permission to seize control of the web domain, 3322.org, which it claims is involved with the Nitol infections. This will allow it to filter out legitimate data and block traffic stolen by the viruses.
    Peng Yong, the Chinese owner of the 3322.org domain, told the AP news agency that he knew nothing about Microsoft's legal action and said his company had a "zero tolerance" attitude towards illegal activity on the domain.
    "Our policy unequivocally opposes the use of any of our domain names for malicious purposes," Peng told AP.
    However, he added, the sheer number of users it had to police meant it could not be sure that all activity was legitimate.
    "We currently have 2.85 million domain names and cannot exclude that individual users might be using domain names for malicious purposes," he said.

    Monday, 10 September 2012

    Syria Conflict 8/09/2012


    Aleppo water supply cut as Syria fighting rages

    Rebel fighters in Aleppo (7 September)Rebel fighters have been battling Syrian government forces in Aleppo since a major offensive began in July
    About 100 people have been killed in fighting in Syria, activists say, most of them in the two main cities, Damascus and Aleppo.
    Several Aleppo neighbourhoods have been left without drinking water after a water main was damaged in fighting.
    Separately, a rocket fired from western Syria killed a small girl over the border in Iraq, officials said.
    It is one of the worst incidents across the Iraqi border since the Syrian conflict began in March 2011.
    Meanwhile, the new UN-Arab League envoy Lakhdar Brahimi is set to begin mediation efforts, with a visit to Cairo for talks with Arab League foreign ministers.
    Ruptured
    In Aleppo, government forces are reported to have regained control of a barracks on the north-east side of the city, after a lengthy battle with rebels.
    The rebels had seized control of the Hanano barracks, one of the largest army posts in the area, on Friday.
    During the fighting, a major pipeline supplying water to Aleppo was badly damaged.
    The city - the largest in Syria, with a population of about three million - is now suffering from shortages of drinking water, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a UK-based opposition activist group.
    "We cannot say how it was ruptured, but there were air strikes and clashes between the army and rebels in the area," Observatory director Rami Abdel Rahman told AFP news agency.
    The BBC's Jim Muir in neighbouring Lebanon says video posted by activists from the Shaar quarter of Aleppo shows an apocalyptic scene of destruction in a street devastated by what they said were government air strikes.
    The activists said several rebel-held parts of Aleppo were similarly bombarded.
    In Damascus, government forces have shelled a southern district populated mainly by Palestinians.
    Syria's Palestinian population stayed on the sidelines during the early months of the conflict, but recently Palestinian youths have been joining the rebels fighting the government of President Bashar al-Assad.
    As the fighting continues, international envoy Lakhdar Brahimi is preparing for his first visit to the region since he took up his post last month.
    He will hold several days of talks in Cairo before heading to Damascus.
    On Saturday, EU foreign ministers meeting in Cyprus agreed to tighten sanctions on Syria, with diplomats saying new measures could be introduced next month.
    However, our correspondent says diplomatic efforts to halt the carnage currently have no traction at all.
    Activists say at least 23,000 people have been killed in the 18 months since the start of the conflict.

    Syria Conflict 10/09/2012


    Syria conflict: Aleppo car bomb 'kills 17

    BBC's Jim Mur: "Footage shows the huge destruction and obviously a high number of casualties" - Footage, of the scene in Aleppo, cannot be verified
    At least 17 people have been killed by a car bomb in Syria's largest city, Aleppo, state news agency Sana says.
    Syrian state TV said two hospitals and a school were largely destroyed by the blast near the city sports stadium.
    The Free Syrian Army said it carried out the attack because the facilities were being used by government troops. Earlier, a strike killed at least five people, witnesses said.
    It comes as the new UN-Arab League envoy begins a mission to the region.
    Lakhdar Brahimi, who last month replaced Kofi Annan as special envoy to Syria, will hold talks with Arab League and Egyptian officials ahead of meetings in Damascus.
    When he took over the post, Mr Brahimi said bringing peace to Syria would be "nearly impossible".
    As violence continued, activists said more than 100 people were killed across Syria on Sunday.
    In Aleppo, where government troops are trying to flush out rebels, state TV showed damaged buildings and rescue workers pulling survivors from the rubble after the car bomb went off.
    Reuters news agency quoted an activist, Ahmad Saeed, as saying the army had previously taken over the neighbourhood and turned the hospital into a barracks.
    The attack came shortly after warplanes dropped bombs on rebel targets in the east of the city, with reports of at least five people killed.
    Reports from Syria are almost impossible to verify because of severe restrictions on foreign journalists in the country.
    The UN says more than 18,000 people have been killed since the conflict began in March 2011. Activists put the death toll at 23,000.
    Mr Brahimi's visit comes amid an impasse in efforts to find a diplomatic solution to the fighting.
    On Sunday, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton dismissed a Russian proposal for a new UN Security Council resolution on Syria as pointless "with no teeth".
    Russia says it wants Security Council approval for a peace plan agreed in June in Geneva that called for a ceasefire and political transition.
    But Mrs Clinton said a resolution without consequences would be ignored by Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.

    Saturday, 8 September 2012


    Syria troops 'bombard Aleppo districts'

    A photo purportedly showing a rebel fighter walks past a damaged building in Aleppo (2 September 2012)The UN refugee agency says more than 100,000 Syrians fled the country in August
    Security forces have shelled parts of Syria's second city of Aleppo, killing at least 19 people, activists say.
    Troops began to bombard the districts of Bustan al-Qasr, Marjeh and Hananu before dawn. Many of those killed were reportedly women and children.
    One opposition activist network put the morning's death toll in Aleppo at 54.
    Meanwhile, Egypt's new leader has said President Bashar al-Assad must "take lessons from recent history" and step down before it is too late.
    "Don't take the right step at the wrong time... because that would be the wrong step," Mohammed Mursi warned his Syrian counterpart in a speech at a meeting of Arab foreign ministers in Cairo.
    Mr Mursi also said that a quartet of regional states - Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Egypt - would meet to discuss the Syrian crisis.
    TV barred
    Later, the Egyptian-owned Nilesat satellite channel ceased coverage of Syrian state TV and two other pro-government channels, al-Ekhbaryah and al-Dunya.
    A Nilesat executive said the Arab League group for Syria had asked the channel to stop the broadcasts.
    Syrian state TV was seen on Nilesat early on Wednesday, but reception was lost around 11:30 GMT, after the Cairo ministers meeting.
    Nilesat continued to broadcast anti-government Syrian channels.
    Turkey's Prime Minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, separately accused President Assad of creating a "terrorist state" in Syria.
    The UN refugee agency said on Tuesday that more than 100,000 Syrians fled the country in August - the highest monthly total since protests against President Bashar al-Assad erupted in March 2011.

    Start Quote

    More than 230,000 people are now sheltering in neighbouring states.
    There are also thought to be more than 1.2 million internally displaced people in Syria, and 2.5 million in need of humanitarian assistance.
    'Situation deteriorating'
    Many of the recent influx of refugees into Turkey have come from Aleppo, where the military recently launched a major offensive to regain control of rebel-held areas.
    Opposition activists said more than 13 districts of the northern city came under heavy bombardment before dawn on Wednesday.
    The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a UK-based anti-Assad group, said 10 civilians died in the southern area of Bustan al-Qasr, while nine bodies, including those of children, had been found in the Marjeh and Hananu districts.
    The Local Co-ordination Committees (LCC), an activist network, reported that at least 15 people had died in the shelling of Marjeh, including 10 members of a single family. Seven children and three women were also killed in Bab Nairab, a southern district, it added.
    The LCC put the nationwide death toll at 75, including 54 in Aleppo. At least 135 were killed across the country on Tuesday, it said.
    The bodies of nine men were also found on Wednesday morning in Jobar, a north-eastern district of Damascus. Opposition activists said they had been shot dead by pro-government militia.
    On Tuesday, the new UN and Arab League envoy to Syria warned that the situation across the country was "deteriorating steadily".
    "The future of Syria will be built by its people and none other," he added. "The support of the international community is indispensable and very urgent. It will only be effective if all pull in the same direction.""The death toll is staggering, the destruction is reaching catastrophic proportions and the suffering of the people is immense," Lakhdar Brahimi said in his first address to the UN General Assembly since his appointment.
    Mr Brahimi said he would travel to Damascus in the next few days.
    UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon meanwhile accused countries who sent arms to Syria of "only contributing to further misery - and the risk of unintended consequences as the fighting intensifies and spreads".
    He did not name any country, but Russia is the Syrian military's main arms supplier.
    Senior US officials have also told the New York Times that Iran has resumed shipping military equipment over Iraqi airspace.
    Experts told the newspaper that the flights had enabled Iran to provide supplies despite Syrian rebels seizing several land border crossings.
    The White House has pressed Iraq to shut down the air corridor, with Vice-President Joe Biden reportedly raising the issue with Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri Maliki in a telephone call in August.
    An Iraqi government spokesman said Tehran had assured Mr Maliki that the flights contained only food and other humanitarian aid.

    7th September 2012 - Bombing in Damascus


    Bomb explosions in Damascus 'kill at least five'

    State television footage showed the aftermath of the explosion in Rukn al-Din (7 September 2012)There has been a series of bombings in the Syrian capital since the uprising began in March 2011
    Two bombs have struck the Syrian capital Damascus, according to state media and opposition activists.
    A motorcycle bomb in the Rukn al-Din area killed at least five members of the security forces, state TV said.
    Hours later, a car bomb struck the district of Mazzeh, near the Ministry of Information. It is not clear whether there were any casualties.
    The blasts came as opposition activists said 55 people had been killed in fighting across the country on Friday.
    Earlier on Friday the head of the international Red Cross said his talks with President Bashar al-Assad had been "positive".
    Peter Maurer said they had focused on the need to reduce barriers to delivering aid and ensure aid workers could gain access to detainees.
    "What we have today is commitments, what we have is a mechanism to implement those commitments," he added. "But we will have, of course, to witness whether commitments and mechanisms are producing results."
    UN worker killed
    Officials said the first bomb targeted people as they left a mosque after Friday prayers in Rukn al-Din, a residential area not far from the centre of Damascus.
    But the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights reported that the blast had been aimed at a security patrol.
    In addition to the five dead, six members of the security forces were wounded, several of them seriously, the UK-based activist group said.
    The Associated Press said the bomb went off across the street from the mosque and damaged a clinic as well as six cars.

    S

    Pictures on Syrian state TV, apparently from the site of the second explosion in Mazzeh, showed firefighters and security forces tending several scorched and mangled cars as passersby looked on.
    Windows in nearby buildings had also been blown out.
    There have been a series of bombings in the capital since the uprising against President Assad began in March 2011. Officials have blamed "terrorists". Opposition activists, however, maintain that the security forces planted the bombs to discredit the peaceful protesters.
    Elsewhere in Damascus on Friday, activists reported heavy shelling by government forces in the southern districts of Daf al-Shouk, Tadamon, and the densely-populated Yarmouk Palestinian refugee camp.
    The Local Co-ordination Committees, an activist network, said at least 16 people had been killed in the violence, including five in Yarmouk. On Thursday, a staff member of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNWRA) and his son were killed in their home when it was hit by a shell.
    "UNRWA deplores the tragic loss of life and expresses the view that these outcomes could have been avoided," a statement said.
    'Non-lethal assistance'
    The European Union has said it will increase humanitarian aid to Syria by an extra 60m euros ($76m;£48m), bringing the total spent by the bloc on relief efforts during the crisis to more than 200m euros.
    The extra money was pledged at a meeting of EU foreign ministers in Cyprus on Friday.
    At the meeting UK Foreign Secretary William Hague also expressed determination to help anti-government fighters in Syria by working around an EU arms embargo on Syria.
    "It's not possible or legal for any EU nation to send weapons to anybody in Syria and therefore our chosen route - and it's the same route for France and the United States - is to give non-lethal assistance and we're doing that," Mr Hague told reporters.
    Mr Hague also said that Britain was considering sending some form of protective clothing which does not breach the terms of the EU embargo.
    Earlier on Friday, the head of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Geneva revealed that he had visited rural areas around Damascus earlier this week and been shocked by "horrific accounts of armed attacks".
    These left him in no doubt that Syria was engulfed in civil war since "all features of armed conflict are unfolding in front of us", he said.
    "The needs are growing while the violence is expanding. Many men, women and children who could be saved are dying on a daily basis because they lack access to medical care."
    The UN refugee agency said at least 246,267 Syrians had now fled to neighbouring countries. Of those, 81,000 are registered with the UN in Jordan, more than 78,000 in Turkey, almost 65,000 in Lebanon and nearly 22,000 in Iraq.
    There are also thought to be more than 1.2 million internally displaced people in Syria, and 2.5 million in need of humanitarian assistance.
    Meanwhile, Syrian Deputy Foreign Minister Faisal Mekdad accused Egyptian President Mohammed Mursi of "signing the death warrant" for his proposed meeting of a quartet of regional powers to discuss solutions to the crisis in Syria.
    On Wednesday, Mr Mursi warned President Assad that he had to "take lessons from recent history" and step down before it was too late.